Investigation of Voltage Drop in the Primary Distribution Network of Ghazni City and Voltage Regulation in That Network
Massoud Danishmal,
Dost Mohammad Sarwari,
Zainullah Serat
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
39-45
Received:
27 June 2022
Accepted:
25 July 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20220703.11
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Abstract: The medium voltage feeder of Ghazni city, feeding the subscribers of Ghazni city, has a peak load of 4.5MW. Voltage drop in the network limits the transmission power and increases the transmission power losses. All electrical appliances are designed to work at a certain voltage and at the same voltage can do their normal work. Voltage is one of the basic parameters of the regime in electrical cycles that must be kept constant to the necessary extent for the subscriber. Excessive voltage fluctuations, both up and down, can cause damage to consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the voltage drops and voltage regulates in the 20kV distribution network in Ghazni city. In this research, real field figures obtained from Ghazni Breshna Company have been used in voltage drop calculations. Voltage drop in the primary distribution network of Ghazni city is in the range of 5.7%, which is the highest Losses compared to the standard. IEC60204-1 (Protection of Electrical Machinery and Equipment), which recommends in Section 5-13 that voltage losses from the supply point to the electrical load point should not normally exceed 5% of the rated voltage, indicates a 0.7% increase in voltage drop. Voltage failure in addition to the negative monetary effect reduces the quality of electrical energy.
Abstract: The medium voltage feeder of Ghazni city, feeding the subscribers of Ghazni city, has a peak load of 4.5MW. Voltage drop in the network limits the transmission power and increases the transmission power losses. All electrical appliances are designed to work at a certain voltage and at the same voltage can do their normal work. Voltage is one of the...
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Effects of Nitrate and Sulfate Attacks on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Replacing Virgin Aggregates with Recycled Aggregate Concrete Cluster
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
46-53
Received:
1 August 2022
Accepted:
18 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20220703.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Concrete recycling yields a considerable amount of steel and aggregates. Lack of information on recycling and reuse of recycled aggregate concrete cluster combined with construction and demolition waste in Ethiopia. The main aim of the research is to investigate the effects of ammonium nitrate and magnesium sulfate on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete made from stone crushed aggregate by the possible extent of the inclusion of recycled aggregate concrete clusters. The mechanical and physical properties investigated are compressive strength, water absorption, and unit weight. Investigations are carried out on C-30 grade concrete mix design having a water-to-cement ratio of 0.435 and slump of 25~100mm at replacement levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% crushed stone aggregate by recycled aggregate concrete cluster. Test specimens were prepared by placing the concrete-based material into 0.15*0.15*0.15m molds. The concrete specimens were immersed in ammonium nitrate and magnesium sulfate solutions with 5% (50g/L) concentrations. After 28 days of curing of specimens in distilled water, some of the specimens were immersed in ammonium nitrate and some of them were immersed in magnesium sulfate solutions until 56 days before testing. Test results showed that the compressive strength decreased when the concrete specimens were treated with ammonium nitrate solutions and as the replacement levels of RACC increased and reduction in compressive strength increased clearly. It is also found that the water absorption of concrete specimens increases while the unit weight of specimens decreases when the specimens are exposed to ammonium nitrate solutions. For specimens immersed in magnesium sulfate solutions, a decrease in compressive strength is found through the conducted experiments as well as the loss in strength increases as the replacement levels increase. The results also showed that water absorption and unit weight of specimens were largely clear, still, for magnesium sulfate, there was an increase in water absorption and a decrease in unit weight as replacement levels increase. It concluded that it was established that recycled aggregate concrete clusters can replace crushed stone aggregate by twenty percent. Thus, Further study is suggested to find the most economical way to compensate for the lost fifteen to twenty percent compressive strengths.
Abstract: Concrete recycling yields a considerable amount of steel and aggregates. Lack of information on recycling and reuse of recycled aggregate concrete cluster combined with construction and demolition waste in Ethiopia. The main aim of the research is to investigate the effects of ammonium nitrate and magnesium sulfate on the mechanical and physical pr...
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